Te whānuitanga o te tono
◇ Ngā whare ahumahi kāore he kawenga taimaha, pērā i ngā hikohiko, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā mīhini, te ahumahi matū, te rongoā, te kakahu, te tupeka me ētahi atu ahumahi.
◇ Ngā papa sima, ngā papa terrazzo rānei i roto i ngā whare putunga, i ngā hūpermakete, i ngā pāka waka me ērā atu wāhi motuhake.
◇ Te paninga o ngā pakitara me ngā tuanui kore puehu me ngā whakaritenga purenga.
Ngā āhuatanga mahi
◇ He āhua papatahi, he kanapa, he maha ngā tae.
◇ He ngāwari ki te horoi me te tiaki.
◇ He kaha te piri, he ngāwari, he ātete hoki ki te pānga.
◇ He ātete kaha ki te pakū.
◇ He tere te hanga, he iti hoki te utu.
Ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha
◇ He mea hanga ki te whakarewa, he tae totoka, he kanapa, he mātotoru rānei.
◇ Matotoru 0.5-0.8mm.
◇ Ko te roanga mahi whānui he 3-5 tau.
Te tukanga hanga
Te maimoatanga whenua noa: kia ma te kirikiri, me maroke, kia papatahi te mata o te turanga, kaua e pokaia te oko, kaua e kirikiri nui;
Paraimere: wāhanga-rua, whakaohokia kia pai kia rite ki te rahinga kua tohua (2-3 meneti o te hurihuri hiko), hurihia, waruhia rānei te hanganga;
I roto i te peita: whakaohokia ngā wāhanga-rua kia rite ki te nui kua tohua o te ōwehenga (hurihuri hiko mō te 2-3 meneti), me te hanganga waru;
Whakaotihia te peita: whakaohokia te tae me te rongoā whakamaroke kia rite ki te nui kua tohua (hurihuri hiko mō te 2-3 meneti), me te paninga roera, te hanga rehu rānei.
Taupū hangarau
| tūemi whakamātautau | Tohu | |
| Te wā whakamaroke, H | Te whakamaroke mata(H) | ≤4 |
| Whakamaroke totoka(H) | ≤24 | |
| Piripiri, taumata | ≤1 | |
| Te mārō o te pene | ≥2H | |
| Ātete pānga, Kg·cm | 50 ki roto | |
| Ngāwari | 1mm te whiti | |
| Ātete ki te pakū (750g/500r, whakahekenga taumaha, g) | ≤0.04 | |
| Ātete wai | 48h kāore he panoni | |
| Ātete ki te 10% waikawa whanariki | 56 ngā rā kāore he huringa | |
| Ātete ki te 10% konutai hauwai | 56 ngā rā kāore he huringa | |
| Ātete ki te penehīni, 120# | 56 ngā rā kāore he huringa | |
| Ātete ki te hinu whakahinuhinu | 56 ngā rā kāore he huringa | |
Kōtaha hangahanga