Ngā otinga hanga noa mō te papa o raro i te whenua mō ngā waka

Mō ngā papa o raro whenua mō ngā waka, ko ngā otinga papa noa ko: te papa epoxy, te papa pakari me te papa werowero kua whakapakeketia.

Papa epoxy: papa epoxy o te whare karāti

Papa epoxy, arā, ko te peita papa kapia epoxy hei rauemi matua, me te onepu/paura quartz hei rauemi āwhina, mā te huri, te whakakorekore, te waru, te hurihuri, te rehu rānei me ētahi atu tikanga hanga, hei tiki i te mata o te papa. I muri i te hanganga o te whenua, ka hipokina te raima sima taketake e te paparanga epoxy, ā, ka wehea te raima taketake mai i ngā raruraru pea pēnei i te onepu, te puehu me ētahi atu. Ko te mata o te papa epoxy, kāore he puehu, he ātete ki te kakahu, he ngāwari ki te horoi, he kanapa te tae.

Ko ngā otinga papa epoxy e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei papa waka ko: papa epoxy momo moata, papa epoxy momo paninga angiangi, papa epoxy momo whakataurite-ake.

Ko te tikanga whānui mō te papa epoxy momo moata ko te huri me te horoi i te papa, kotahi te paninga epoxy, kotahi, e rua rānei ngā moata epoxy, e rua ngā putty epoxy, e rua ngā paninga mata epoxy. Ko te matotoru kei waenga i te 0.8-1.5mm.

Ko te momo paninga angiangi o te papa epoxy, ko te tukanga whānui ko: te huri me te horoi i te papa, te paninga epoxy kotahi, te moata epoxy kotahi, te putty epoxy kotahi, te paninga mata epoxy kotahi. Ko te matotoru kei waenga i te 0.5-0.8mm.

Ko te momo papa epoxy whakaōrite-ake, ko te tukanga whānui ko: te huri me te horoi i te papa, kotahi te paninga epoxy, e rua ngā moata epoxy, kotahi te putty epoxy, kotahi te paninga rererangi epoxy. Ko te matotoru kei waenga i te 2-3mm.

He papa epoxy momo paninga angiangi, he papatahi noa iho te turanga o te whenua, he tino pai te kaha o te raima, ā, he iti noa te tahua utu, kāore i te teitei te pānga kitea o ngā whakaritenga o te keehi, kāore i te tūtohutia i te nuinga o te wā. He papa epoxy momo moata, ki te whakatauritea ki te papa epoxy momo paninga angiangi, he papatahi ake te mata, he ngawari, he ātete ki te kakahu, he kaha ake te ātete ki te pānga, koinei te kaupapa papa epoxy papa waka raro whenua. Ka whakamahia noa te papa epoxy whakaōrite-ake i roto i ngā tari kāwanatanga, ngā wāhi Olympic me ētahi atu kaupapa ā-motu mō ngā papa waka raro whenua. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā kaupapa takitahi, ki te kore e whai te kaiwhakamahi i te papatahi o te mata me ngā pānga kare-ā-roto, ka taea anake te whakaoti i te mata raima sima o te onepu, te puehu, e rua ngā paninga epoxy tuatahi, e rua ngā paninga epoxy o runga o te kaupapa papa epoxy māmā.

Nō reira, ko te mea nui hei whakatau i te momo kaupapa papa epoxy, tuatahi, ko te turanga whenua, tuarua, ko te momo pānga e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki, kātahi ko te tahua utu. He mārama, he tautoko hoki i waenganui i ngā mea e toru.

Papa ātete-mau

He papa sima ātete-kakahu, he mea hanga mai i te sima motuhake, te kohatu ātete-kakahu (onepu kiripaka, emery, koranu tine-titanium, me ētahi atu) me ngā tāpiringa me ētahi atu wāhanga, kia taea ai te whakarōpū i roto i te huarahi kua whakaranua i mua i te wheketere hei whakaputa paura mai i te putea.

Ka honoa te hanganga o ngā papa ātete-pakaru ki te hanganga o te raima sima. Whai muri i te whakahāngai noa, te whakataurite me te wiri o te raima sima ki te mata o te papa waka o raro whenua, ka horahia te papa ātete-pakaru ki te mata i te wāhanga totoka tuatahi, ā, ka hangaia te papa ātete-pakaru katoa ki te raima sima mā te taputapu motuhake o te hanganga papa, te mīhini whakangawari, kia hanga ai he paparanga tiaki i te paparanga mata o te raima sima.

E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te nuinga o ngā papa waka raro whenua whānui he raima sima C20, C25 paerewa, C25 raima, hei tauira, ko te kaha pēhi o te mata e pā ana ki te 25MPA. Engari i muri i te hanganga o te papa ātete-kakahu, ka taea e te kaha pēhi o te mata te eke ki te 80MPA, neke atu rānei i te 100MPA, ā, kua tino pai ake hoki ētahi atu tohu kaha piko, kaha ātete-kakahu me ētahi atu tohu.

Nā te mea he papa sima te papa ātete-pakaru, nō reira ka taea te whakakotahi pai ki te raima sima, mena kāore anō kia pakaru te raima taketake, ka roa te wā e ātete ana ki te pakaru, kāore hoki e marere. I taua wā anō, kāore te tae i te tino ataahua, i te tino momona pērā i te papa epoxy, he hina, he kakariki, he whero me ētahi atu tae taketake.

Nā te koretake o te hanga me te hanganga o te raima sima, nā te āhua kino o te huarere i roto i ngā tau, ka ngāwari te huri i te onepu, te puehu, arā, te wehenga o te raima sima ki te onepu, te kōhatu me te sima. He tino raruraru te horoi taiao i tēnei momo papa waka, kua kapi te mata o ngā waka kua wakahia i te puehu, ā, he maha ngā amuamu a te rangatira. He otinga ōhanga, he whai hua hoki te papa ātete-kakahu mō tēnei raruraru. Kāore e puta te āhua onepu me te puehu i te whenua, ā, i te huri me te waku o te waka, ka kanapa te whenua ātete-kakahu.

He papa whānui ātete-pakaru mō te papa waka o raro whenua, he papa ātete-pakaru te nuinga, he papa kirikiri kiripaka, he papa taimana hoki. He tae sima, he hina rānei te nuinga o te tae.

papa whakapakeketanga uruhanga

Ko te papa werohanga o te whare karāti kei runga tonu i te papa raima, te papa ātete-mau onepū, te papa terrazzo, me ētahi atu. Mena kua ringihia te whare karāti ki te raima me te whenua kua whakaritea, ka tūtohutia kia mahi tika i te papa werohanga a Yade, he māmā te hanga, he tino māmā ngā tohu hangarau me te papa ātete-mau, ā, he rite tonu ki te tiaki o muri mai, koinei hoki te painga o te papa werohanga o te whare karāti. Ko te whāinga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o te papa werohanga o Yade ko te kimi i tētahi whakakapinga mō te papa epoxy, engari he roa hoki ngā painga o te papa ātete-mau, ā, he roa te ātete-mau o te papa, kāore te papa werohanga i te tae tae ki te papa epoxy he rite te tae ki te tae, engari kāore i te nui te rerekētanga, ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua kei roto i te matotoru o te papa epoxy he matotoru, i te hanganga o te mea kino, he tino ngāwari ki te tango i te kiri, ā, he tino uaua te whakahoutanga me te tiaki i muri mai, ā, ko te mahi a te tikanga o te papa Yade. Ko te tikanga o te papa werowero he mea hei werowero i te papa raima, ka tauhohe ki te raima, ā, ka mutu ka hanga te mata kia kati katoa, ehara i te mea ka whakaoti noa i te kirikiri raima me te hina i te wa ano ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te pakeke o te mata raima, ā, i te wa ano ka whai wāhi motuhake te otinga waikawa me te kawakore ki te wehe, ka nui haere te hunga whai whare i te mākete e whakamahi ana i te papa werowero hei papa karāti tuatahi.