Ngā Pūrongo - Akohia ngā momo me ngā whakamahinga o ngā paninga tuatahi mō ngā hanganga maitai

peita paninga hanganga maitai

He momo rauemi hanga whare kore-tahu te rino, he ātete ki te ru whenua, te piko me ētahi atu āhuatanga. I roto i te whakamahinga mahi, ehara i te mea ka taea e te rino te whakanui ake i te kaha kawenga o ngā whare anake, engari ka tutuki hoki i ngā hiahia o te whakatauira ataahua o te hoahoa whare. Ka karohia hoki ngā hapa e kore e taea e ngā rauemi hanga whare pēnei i te raima te piko me te totoro. Nō reira, kua paingia te rino e te umanga hanga, he mea noa te rino kotahi-papa, maha-papa, whare teitei, wheketere, whare putunga, rūma tatari, whare wehenga me ētahi atu. Hei ako tetahi i tetahi, ko te whakamahinga ongā paninga hanganga maitaimepaninga maitaihe mea nui te peita.

Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā paninga hanganga maitai

E rua ngā momo paninga hanganga maitai, arā, he paninga ātete ahi hanganga maitai, me he paninga ātete waikura hanganga maitai.
(A) peita ātete ahi hanganga maitai

1. Paninga ātete ahi hanganga tino angiangi

Ko te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino tino angiangi e pā ana ki te matotoru o te paninga i roto i te 3 mm (tae atu ki te 3 mm), he pai te pānga whakapaipai, ka taea te whakawhanui i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ko te rohe ātete ahi i te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te 2 hāora mai i te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino. Ko tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino he pūnaha whakarewa te nuinga, he kaha te piri, he ātete pai ki te huarere me te ātete wai, he pai te whakataurite, he pai ngā āhuatanga whakapaipai; ina tukuna ki te ahi, ka whakawhanui mārire, ka pahuka hei hanga i tētahi paparanga whakamarumaru ātete ahi matotoru, mārō hoki. He kaha te ātete ahi o te paparanga ātete ahi, ka whakaroa i te pikinga pāmahana o te rino, ā, ka tiakina pai ngā wāhanga rino. Ka taea te rehu, te paraihe, te huri rānei i te hanganga o te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino whakawhanui tino angiangi, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā whakaritenga rohe ātete ahi i roto i te 2 hāora ki runga i te hanganga rino o te whare. Kua puta mai ngā momo hou o ngā paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino tino angiangi me te ātete ahi mō te 2 hāora, neke atu rānei, e whakamahi ana i te nuinga o te wā i te polymethacrylate, i te epoxy resin rānei me te hanganga motuhake me te amino resin, te paraffin chlorine hei here turanga, me te ammonium polyphosphate teitei te tohu polymerization, te dipentaerythritol, te melamine hei pūnaha ātete ahi. Ka tāpirihia te titanium dioxide, te wollastonite me ētahi atu rauemi ātete kore-waro ki te hinu whakarewa 200# hei whakakotahitanga whakarewa. He maha ngā hanganga rino māmā, ngā whatunga, me ētahi atu, e whakamahi ana i tēnei momo peita ātete ahi hei tiaki ahi. Nā te paninga tino angiangi o tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi, ka tino whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino matotoru me te angiangi, ka whakaitihia te utu katoa o te kaupapa, ā, ka whai hua te tiaki ahi o te hanganga rino, ā, he tino pai te pānga tiaki ahi.

2. Paninga ātete ahi mō te hanganga maitai angiangi

Ko te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino angiangi e pā ana ki te paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino he nui ake te matotoru o te paninga i te 3mm, iti iho i te 7mm, he rite rānei ki te 7mm, he āhua whakapaipai, ka whānui, ka matotoru i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ko te rohe ātete ahi kei roto i te 2 hāora. Ko tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi mō te hanganga rino he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā ki te polymer wai-e tika ana hei rauemi turanga, kātahi ka hangaia he pūnaha whakakotahi o ngā ātete ahi, ngā tāpiri ātete ahi, ngā muka ātete ahi, me ētahi atu, ā, ko tōna kaupapa ārai ahi he rite ki te momo tino-angiangi. Mō tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi, me pai te piri, te roa me te ātete wai o te polymer wai-e hiahiatia ana kia whiriwhiria ki te papa rino. He pai ake tōna whakapaipai i ngā paninga ātete ahi matotoru, he iti iho i ngā paninga ātete ahi hanganga rino tino-angiangi, ā, ko te rohe ātete ahi whānui kei roto i te 2 hāora. Nō reira, he mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā kaupapa tiaki ahi hanganga rino he iti iho i te 2 hāora te rohe ātete ahi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hanganga rehu. I tētahi wā, he nui te wāhanga i nohoia e ia, engari i te putanga mai o ngā paninga ātete ahi hanganga maitai tino angiangi, ka āta whakakapia tōna wāhanga mākete.

3. He paninga ātete ahi matotoru te hanganga maitai

Ko te matotoru o te paninga ātete ahi o te hanganga maitai e pā ana ki te matotoru o te paninga neke atu i te 7 mm, iti iho i te 45 mm, he iti te kiato, he iti te kawe wera, he iti te ātete ahi o te paninga ātete ahi o te hanganga maitai neke atu i te 2 h. Nā te mea he rauemi kore-ora te nuinga o ngā paninga ātete ahi matotoru, he pumau te mahi ahi, ā, he pai te pānga whakamahinga mō te wā roa, engari he nui ngā matūriki o ngā wāhanga peita, kāore i te ōrite te āhua o te paninga, ka pā ki te ataahua whānui o te whare, nō reira he nuinga te whakamahinga mō te hangarau huna hanganga. Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi te mata kirikiri o te rauemi i roto i te ahi, he iti te kiato, he iti te kawe wera, te mimiti wera rānei o te rauemi i roto i te paninga, ka whakaroa i te pikinga pāmahana o te maitai, ka tiaki hoki i te maitai. Ko tēnei momo paninga ātete ahi he mea hanga mai i te here kore-waro e tika ana (pērā i te karāhe wai, te konutai silica, te phosphate konumohe, te sima ātete, me ētahi atu), kātahi ka konatunatua ki ngā rauemi whakakotahitanga adiabatic māmā kore-waro (pērā i te perlite whānui, te vermiculite whānui, te kohatu moana, ngā pīrere mānu, te pungarehu rere, me ētahi atu), ngā tāpiringa ātete ahi, ngā matū me ngā rauemi whakapakari (pērā i te muka silicate konumohe, te huruhuru toka, te muka uku, te muka karāhe, me ētahi atu) me ngā whakakī, me ētahi atu, he iti te utu. He maha te whakamahinga o te rehu i roto i te hanganga, he mea pai mō ngā hanganga maitai huna o roto, o waho hoki me ngā rohe ātete ahi neke atu i te 2 hāora, ngā hanganga maitai katoa-teitei me ngā hanganga maitai wheketere maha-papa. Hei tauira, ko te rohe ātete ahi o ngā pou o ngā whare ā-iwi teitei, ngā whare ahumahi whānui me ngā whare ā-iwi e tautoko ana i ngā pou maha-papa me eke ki te 3 hāora, ā, me whakamahi te paninga ātete ahi matotoru hei tiaki i a rātou.

(2) peita ārai waikura hanganga maitai

Ko te paninga ārai-waikura mō te hanganga maitai he momo paninga ārai-waikura hou mō te hanganga maitai i whakawhanakehia i runga i te kaupapa o te paninga ārai-waikura ātete-hinu. E rua ngā momo peita e wehea ana, arā, te peita tuatahi me te peita o runga, he whānui ake te whānuitanga o te tono, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te peita ki ngā momo tae e ai ki ngā hiahia. He pai te paninga ārai-waikura hanganga maitai mō te paru wai, te wai moana, te wai ahumahi, te penehīni, te hinuhinu, te hinu jet diesel, te hau me ētahi atu tāke rokiroki, te hinu, ngā paipa hau, ngā piriti, ngā whatunga, ngā taputapu hiko me ngā momo taputapu matū katoa hei tiaki i te waikura, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te tiaki i te waikura o ngā whare raima.

Tuatahi, whakapai ake i te āhua o te konganuku: arā, te maimoatanga koranu:

He maha ngā tohunga o tāwāhi kua rangahau i te awe o ngā momo huānga whakarewa ki te ātete waikura o te maitai ki te wai moana. Kua kitea he tino pai ngā āhuatanga ārai-waikura o ngā maitai whakarewa i ahu mai i te Cr, Ni, Cu, P, Si me te whenua onge, ā, i runga i tēnei kaupapa, kua whakawhanakehia he raupapa o ngā maitai ātete waikura wai moana. Heoi, nā runga i ngā whakaaro ōhanga me ngā whakaaro hangarau, kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia ngā huānga o runga ake nei i roto i ngā maitai ātete waikura wai moana.

Tuarua, te hanganga o tētahi paparanga tiaki: arā, he paninga paparanga tiaki kore-whakarewa, he paparanga tiaki whakarewa rānei:

Ko te paparanga tiaki whakarewa te mea nui mō te whakapūhautanga, te whakahāora me te whakakore i te konganuku kua pania. Ko te paparanga tiaki kore-whakarewa ko te paninga o te peita, te kirihou, te enamel, te hinu kohuke me ērā atu mea ki runga i te mata whakarewa hei hanga i tētahi paparanga tiaki. Ko te kaupapa o ēnei paparanga tiaki e rua ko te wehe i te rauemi turanga mai i te pa atu ki te wai moana, kaua ki te tauhohe ki te wai moana, ā, ka hanga he tiaki.

Mō mātou

Tā mātou kamupeneKua piri tonu mātou ki te "pūtaiao me te hangarau, te kounga tuatahi, te pono me te pono, me te whakatinanatanga tino tika o te pūnaha whakahaere kounga o te ao ls0900l: .2000. Ko tā mātou whakahaere pakari me te auahatanga hangarau, me te ratonga kounga e whakatairanga ana i te kounga o ngā hua, ā, i rongonui te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.Hei wheketere Hainamana kaha, he paerewa ngaio hoki, ka taea e mātou te whakarato tauira mō ngā kiritaki e hiahia ana ki te hoko, ki te hiahia koe ki tētahi momo peita, tēnā whakapā mai.